Cruz, J. (n.d.). Epistemology. Intermediate Articles . Website = http://www.williams.edu/philosophy/fourth_layer/faculty_pages/jcruz/epistemology.pdf
This article is about Epistemology, which the writer gives a solid background on what it is and what it does. It covers internal and external components of epistemology and the methods of it.
“Epistemology answers to a daunting variety of senses in the humanities and the social sciences.”
“This project is distinct from merely giving a descriptive account of what people claim to know or to believe reasonably. Instead, epistemologists try to understand what it is really to know or really to believe reasonably, even if people routinely fail to know or are frequently irrational.”
This project will contribute by more definitions and explanations of epistemology which is turning into the defining force of the paper. This is important and cannot be missing details on the subject.
This source is going to keep contributing to the definition of the article’s title. The thesis needs to be defended to full grasp the information.
This source connects through idea, not just the name. The theory is the same and leads from one connecting article to another.
Sunday, April 5, 2009
Lukacs annotated
Lukacs, J. (2009). Putting Man Before Descartes. The American Scholar .
This article is about Descartes’ philosophy on knowledge and the human purpose. It defines knowledge and defines the human experience.
“Every human being sees the world in his own way.”
“Knowledge, which is neither objective nor subjective, is always personal. Not individual: personal. The concept of the individual has been one of the essential misconceptions of political liberalism. Every human being is unique, but he does not exist alone.”
This contributes the human experience and relationship to knowledge and its understanding. This is the most fundamental understanding of the topic of the paper.
I plan to use this for defining knowledge on a different level, rather than a plain explanation of dictionary definitions. This will add a different, less boring approach to defining the topic that is the head topic of the paper.
This connection is taking the definition to a whole new dimension of defining. This is needed for the full explanation of the topic and what is needed to.
This article is about Descartes’ philosophy on knowledge and the human purpose. It defines knowledge and defines the human experience.
“Every human being sees the world in his own way.”
“Knowledge, which is neither objective nor subjective, is always personal. Not individual: personal. The concept of the individual has been one of the essential misconceptions of political liberalism. Every human being is unique, but he does not exist alone.”
This contributes the human experience and relationship to knowledge and its understanding. This is the most fundamental understanding of the topic of the paper.
I plan to use this for defining knowledge on a different level, rather than a plain explanation of dictionary definitions. This will add a different, less boring approach to defining the topic that is the head topic of the paper.
This connection is taking the definition to a whole new dimension of defining. This is needed for the full explanation of the topic and what is needed to.
Stanford annotated
Steup, Matthias, "Epistemology", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Winter 2008 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL =
This source is going to explain the how we are to understand the concept of justification. What makes justification beliefs justified. Also if justification internal or external to your own mind. To understand more broadly, epistemology is about issues having to do with the creation and dissemination of knowledge in particular areas of inquiry. It will also provide a systematic overview of the problems that the questions above raise and focus in some depth on issues relating to the structure and the limits of knowledge and justification.
“For true beliefs to count as knowledge, it is necessary that they originate in sources we have good reason to consider reliable.”
“Memory is the capacity to retain knowledge acquired in the past. What one remembers, though, need not be a past event. It may be a present fact, such as one's telephone number, or a future event, such as the date of the next elections.”
This article is important to my essay because it explains the theory of the author about knowledge. It explains different ways to look at knowledge and how it can be perceived. This author builds on the relation between justification and knowledge. This relates to my paper as in another way to look at the perception of knowledge.
I plan to use this information as describing what Knowledge is in a scientific and philosophical sense. This is important to describing the informational portion of what it is.
This doesn't only connect with other sources, but it is one of the most important cornerstones to the paper itself. It will connect because of the fact that if it doesnt then the paper will not be able to be about knowledge.
This source is going to explain the how we are to understand the concept of justification. What makes justification beliefs justified. Also if justification internal or external to your own mind. To understand more broadly, epistemology is about issues having to do with the creation and dissemination of knowledge in particular areas of inquiry. It will also provide a systematic overview of the problems that the questions above raise and focus in some depth on issues relating to the structure and the limits of knowledge and justification.
“For true beliefs to count as knowledge, it is necessary that they originate in sources we have good reason to consider reliable.”
“Memory is the capacity to retain knowledge acquired in the past. What one remembers, though, need not be a past event. It may be a present fact, such as one's telephone number, or a future event, such as the date of the next elections.”
This article is important to my essay because it explains the theory of the author about knowledge. It explains different ways to look at knowledge and how it can be perceived. This author builds on the relation between justification and knowledge. This relates to my paper as in another way to look at the perception of knowledge.
I plan to use this information as describing what Knowledge is in a scientific and philosophical sense. This is important to describing the informational portion of what it is.
This doesn't only connect with other sources, but it is one of the most important cornerstones to the paper itself. It will connect because of the fact that if it doesnt then the paper will not be able to be about knowledge.
Albertson and Lawrence Annotated
Albertson, B., & Lawrence, A. (2009). After the Credits Roll:The Long term effects of Educational television on Public Knowledge and Attitudes. American Politics Research.
“This research design offers a particularly tough test of media effects, since it measures knowledge and attitudes long after exposure. Laboratory studies often demonstrate the immediate effects of exposure to media. A television program could shift perceptions of issue importance or change attitudes temporarily, but over time, as people encounter numerous other stimuli, these effects might diminish.”
“Although television is often held responsible for a less informed American public, empirical work has shown that television journalism can educate viewers.”
This source from the main article is trying to support the influence that TV has on the viewers. This support is the kind that brings my paper together with the ideas from this author. The main point of his television influence is in correlation to mine of how knowledge is gathered.
I plan on bringing it back to how knowledge is gathered and how it assimilates into society from various different media outlets. This is not only important but it is vital to the explanation of what knowledge is.
This is an important part of describing in full what knowledge is. It goes back to the idea of who, what, where, when, and how something is.
This information doesn’t only agree or connect with all of the others concerning its similar topic, but it is needed in the full description of what something is.
“This research design offers a particularly tough test of media effects, since it measures knowledge and attitudes long after exposure. Laboratory studies often demonstrate the immediate effects of exposure to media. A television program could shift perceptions of issue importance or change attitudes temporarily, but over time, as people encounter numerous other stimuli, these effects might diminish.”
“Although television is often held responsible for a less informed American public, empirical work has shown that television journalism can educate viewers.”
This source from the main article is trying to support the influence that TV has on the viewers. This support is the kind that brings my paper together with the ideas from this author. The main point of his television influence is in correlation to mine of how knowledge is gathered.
I plan on bringing it back to how knowledge is gathered and how it assimilates into society from various different media outlets. This is not only important but it is vital to the explanation of what knowledge is.
This is an important part of describing in full what knowledge is. It goes back to the idea of who, what, where, when, and how something is.
This information doesn’t only agree or connect with all of the others concerning its similar topic, but it is needed in the full description of what something is.
Davies Annotated
Davies, N. (2006). How we didn't win the war...but the Russians did.
The writer is trying to establish the beliefs of the Russians and all of the other countries and their beliefs and takes on who was the most influential country involved on the winning side. The writer then explains that all countries had influential participation in the war, however the Russians were the one who made the greatest push against the Germans.
“The Russians, for example, are clear that the Red Army played the dominant role in the defeat of the Reich, demoting the Anglo-American war effort to secondary or tertiary importance. What is more, like the Americans, they insist that the “real war” began in 1941, relegating the events of 1939-41 to a mere prelude.”
“The forces of democracy played their part in the defeat of fascism, but were left controlling less than half the continent.”
This article contributes to his book on the matter. This connection is necessary and includes his discussion on his topics.
This article can contribute to my idea of differences of opinion and knowledge as it coincides with this difference. It conflicts with the main topic and gives me another topic for discussion and eventually, supporting my topic.
This is not connected to the other articles and sources as it is known to be normally “connected”. I am taking an example of conflict in the matter and linking it to the overall idea, which should strengthen its overall effectiveness in defending the thesis.
The writer is trying to establish the beliefs of the Russians and all of the other countries and their beliefs and takes on who was the most influential country involved on the winning side. The writer then explains that all countries had influential participation in the war, however the Russians were the one who made the greatest push against the Germans.
“The Russians, for example, are clear that the Red Army played the dominant role in the defeat of the Reich, demoting the Anglo-American war effort to secondary or tertiary importance. What is more, like the Americans, they insist that the “real war” began in 1941, relegating the events of 1939-41 to a mere prelude.”
“The forces of democracy played their part in the defeat of fascism, but were left controlling less than half the continent.”
This article contributes to his book on the matter. This connection is necessary and includes his discussion on his topics.
This article can contribute to my idea of differences of opinion and knowledge as it coincides with this difference. It conflicts with the main topic and gives me another topic for discussion and eventually, supporting my topic.
This is not connected to the other articles and sources as it is known to be normally “connected”. I am taking an example of conflict in the matter and linking it to the overall idea, which should strengthen its overall effectiveness in defending the thesis.
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